Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is the cause of severe liver damage, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular\ncarcinoma for over 240 million people worldwide. Nowadays, several types of treatment are being\ninvestigated, including immunotherapy using hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) assembled into\nhighly immunogenic capsid-like particles (CLPs). Immunogenicity of plant-produced and purified\nHBcAg, administered parenterally or intranasally, was previously reported. In this study, a novel\nparenteralâ??oral vaccination scheme is proposed using plant-derived HBcAg preparations. The antigen\nfor injection was obtained via transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana. HBcAg-producing\ntransgenic lettuce was lyophilized and used as an orally delivered booster. ...........
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